Ansiedad y estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores formales de niños con discapacidad

Daniel Alfonso Oleas Rodríguez, Christian Fabián Yong Peña, José A. Rodas P.

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Introducción: Los cuidadores formales de niños con discapacidad, a pesar de ser esenciales en el sistema de salud, enfrentan una alta prevalencia de ansiedad debido a las demandas de su trabajo, lo que requiere la implementación de estrategias de afrontamiento efectivas para gestionar estas dificultades y mejorar su calidad de vida.

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento que predicen la aparición de sintomatología ansiosa en cuidadores formales de niños con discapacidad en Guayaquil - Ecuador.

Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y explicativo en el que se evaluaron 149 cuidadores formales de niños con discapacidades en Guayaquil, Ecuador, mediante un muestreo a conveniencia. Para la evaluación, se utilizaron el cuestionario de afrontamiento emocional y el Inventario de Ansiedad forma Estado.

Resultados: Se encontró que las estrategias de afrontamiento emocional, como la expresión emocional abierta, el enfoque negativo y la resolución de problemas, predicen el 29% de la varianza en la ansiedad en cuidadores formales, un hallazgo que resalta la influencia directa del afrontamiento en el bienestar de los cuidadores.

Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con la literatura existente y resaltan la importancia de estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas como factores de protección sólidos para disminuir la ansiedad.

Conclusiones: El estudio revela que la resolución de problemas es crucial para reducir la ansiedad en cuidadores de niños con discapacidad, mientras que la expresión emocional y auto focalización negativa aumentan el riesgo. Se destacan nuevas vías de investigación para intervenciones personalizadas y diferencias de género en el afrontamiento emocional.

Palabras clave

Ansiedad; Adaptación Psicológica; Cuidadores; Regulación Emocional

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Conflicto de interés

Ninguno de los autores declara tener conflicto de interés sobre el trabajo.

Financiación

El financiamiento de la investigación está sujeta al proyecto de investigación “Estrategias de cuidado y autocuidado emocional”, aprobado por el consejo científico de la Universidad Ecotec en el 2022

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