Revisión sistemática de alternativas de intervención psicológica para el manejo emocional en cuidadores
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Introducción: Los cuidadores constituyen una población vulnerable al malestar psicológico, enfrentándose a situaciones estresantes, sobrecarga y alta demanda emocional. Para disminuir el impacto psicológico del cuidado y potenciar un adecuado estado de bienestar la intervención psicológica se establece como un recurso idóneo. Objetivo: Describir las alternativas de intervención psicológica para el manejo emocional en cuidadores publicadas entre 2011-2021. Métodos: La investigación es una revisión sistemática cualitativa. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Scielo, Scopus y Web of Science, mediante un procedimiento de búsqueda avanzada con los siguientes criterios: 1) artículos de investigación originales, 2) sobre intervención, 3) en cuidadores. Los datos se procesaron mediante un análisis de contenido en Atlas.ti 9. Resultados: Se revisaron 36 estudios. Se constató que el modelo cognitivo conductual constituye la alternativa psicoterapéutica más empleada de forma individual y presencial para la población cuidadora Los estudios consultados se caracterizan por ser ensayos clínicos controlados, aleatorizados, con intervenciones individuales, presenciales, de corta duración, evaluaciones pre y post. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones psicológicas logran efectos significativos sobre las variables psicológicas carga, ansiedad y depresión. Se identifican como limitaciones el tamaño de la muestra, grado de aleatorización, evaluación de seguimiento y empleo del grupo de control.
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