Revisión sistemática de alternativas de intervención psicológica para el manejo emocional en cuidadores

Lesnay Martínez-Rodríguez, Melissa Maura Garciga-Cortés, Reinier Martín-González

Texto completo:

PDF

Resumen

Introducción: Los cuidadores constituyen una población vulnerable al malestar psicológico, enfrentándose a situaciones estresantes, sobrecarga y alta demanda emocional. Para disminuir el impacto psicológico del cuidado y potenciar un adecuado estado de bienestar la intervención psicológica se establece como un recurso idóneo. Objetivo: Describir las alternativas de intervención psicológica para el manejo emocional en cuidadores publicadas entre 2011-2021. Métodos: La investigación es una revisión sistemática cualitativa. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Scielo, Scopus y Web of Science, mediante un procedimiento de búsqueda avanzada con los siguientes criterios: 1) artículos de investigación originales, 2) sobre intervención, 3) en cuidadores. Los datos se procesaron mediante un análisis de contenido en Atlas.ti 9. Resultados: Se revisaron 36 estudios. Se constató que el modelo cognitivo conductual constituye la alternativa psicoterapéutica más empleada de forma individual y presencial para la población cuidadora Los estudios consultados se caracterizan por ser ensayos clínicos controlados, aleatorizados, con intervenciones individuales, presenciales, de corta duración, evaluaciones pre y post. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones psicológicas logran efectos significativos sobre las variables psicológicas carga, ansiedad y depresión. Se identifican como limitaciones el tamaño de la muestra, grado de aleatorización, evaluación de seguimiento y empleo del grupo de control.

Palabras clave

cuidador; intervención psicológica; emociones

Referencias

Grau, Y., Rodríguez, R. & Martínez, L. Sentido personal del rol y estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology INFAD. 2019; (1): 269-282. Disponible en: https://www.infad.eu/RevistaINFAD/OJS/index.php/IJODAEP/article/view/1440/1238

Rizo, A. C., Molina, M., Milián, N. C., Pagán, P. E. & Machado, J. Caracterización del cuidador primario de enfermo oncológico en estado avanzado. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral. 2016; 32(3): 1-13. Disponible en: https://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252016000300005

Zelaya-Rivas, S. Intervenciones psicológicas en el tratamiento de la ansiedad en personas con cáncer de mama: un meta-análisis. Actualidades en Psicología. 2020; 34(128): 121-141. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.15517/ap.v34i128.34857

Veliz-Rojas, L., & Saavedra, A. B. Acompañamiento y cuidado holístico de enfermería en personas con enfermedades crónicas no adherentes al tratamiento. Revista de Enfermería Actual. 2017; (32): 1-11. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.15517/revenf.v0i32.26989

Velázquez, Y., & Espín, M. Repercusión psicosocial y carga en el cuidador informal de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal. Revista Cubana de Salud Publica. 2014; 40: 3-17. Disponible en: http://www.scielosp.org/article/rcsp/2014.v40n1/3-17/

Álvarez, J. C. B., González, F. J., & Rodrigo, M. A. Listas guía de comprobación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis: declaración PRISMA. Evidencias en pediatría. 2011; 7(4): 20. Disponible en: http://evidenciasenpediatria.es/articulo/5902/listas-guia-de-comprobacion-de-revisiones-sistematicas-y-metaanalisis-declaracion-prisma

Applebaum, A. J., Panjwani, A. A., Buda, K., O'Toole, M. S., Hoyt, M. A., Garcia, A.,… Mennin, D. S. Emotion regulation therapy for cancer caregivers-an open trial of a mechanism-targeted approach to addressing caregiver distress. Translational Behavioral Medicine. 2020; 10(2): 413-422. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby104

Ata, E. E., & Dogan, S. (2018). The Effect of a Brief Cognitive Behavioural Stress Management Programme on Mental Status, Coping with Stress Attitude and Caregiver Burden While Caring for Schizophrenic Patients. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018; 32(1): 112-119. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2017.10.004

Chen, H. M., Huang, M. F., Yeh, Y. C., Huang, W. H., & Chen, C. S. Effectiveness of coping strategies intervention on caregiver burden among caregivers of elderly patients with dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2015; 15(1): 20-25. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12071

Cheng, S. T., Lau, R. W. L., Mak, E. P. M., Ng, N. S. S., Lam, L. C. W., Fung, H. H.,… Lee, D. T. F. (2012). A benefit-finding intervention for family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer disease: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012; 13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-98

de Mamani, A. W., & Suro, G. The effect of a culturally informed therapy on self-conscious emotions and burden in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy. 2016; 53(1), 57-67. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000038

Douglas, S. L., Plow, M., Packer, T., Lipson, A. R., & Lehman, M. J. Psychoeducational interventions for caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for a randomized trial. Jmir Research Protocols. 2021; 10(8). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/30617

Fancourt, D., Warran, K., Finn, S., & Wiseman, T. (2019). Psychosocial singing interventions for the mental health and well-being of family carers of patients with cancer: Results from a longitudinal controlled study. Bmj Open. 2019; 9(8). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026995

Ferré-Grau, C., Sevilia-Casado, M., Boque-Cavalle, M., Aparicio-Casals, M. R., Valdivieso-Lopez, A., & Lleixa-Fortuno, M. Effectiveness of problem solving technique applied by nurses: Decreased anxiety and depression in family caregivers. Atencion Primaria. 2012; 44(12): 695-701. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2012.05.008

Frias, C. E., Risco, E., & Zabalegui, A. (2020). Psychoeducational intervention on burden and emotional well-being addressed to informal caregivers of people with dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2020; 20(6): 900-909. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12616

Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Richardson, B., Little, K., Teague, S., Hartley-Clark, L., Capic, T.,… Hutchinson, D. Efficacy of a smartphone app intervention for reducing caregiver stress: Randomized controlled trial. Jmir Mental Health. 2020; 7(7). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/17541

Gallego-Alberto, L., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., Cabrera, I., & Losada, A. Pilot study of a psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing guilt feelings in highly distressed dementia family caregivers (Innovative practice). Dementia. 2021; 20(2): 759-769. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219886761

González, F. L. V., Otero, P. O., Iglesias, A. T., Garcia, E. H., Seoane, V. B., & Fernández, O. D. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013; 25(1): 87-92. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2012.89

Heidari, T., Mousavi, S. M., Mousavinasab, S. N., & AzimiLolaty, H. (2020). Effect of family and patient centered empowerment program on depression, anxiety and stress in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their caregivers' burden. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2020; 25(6): 482-489. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_161_19

Jones, C. J., Hayward, M., Brown, A., Clark, E., Bird, D., Harwood, G.,… Smith, H. E. Feasibility and Participant Experiences of a Written Emotional Disclosure Intervention for Parental Caregivers of People with Psychosis. Stress and Health. 2016; 32(5): 485-493. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2644

Karagiozi, K., Margaritidou, P., Tsatali, M., Marina, M., Dimitriou, T., Apostolidis, H.,… Tsolaki, M. Comparison of on Site versus Online Psycho Education Groups and Reducing Caregiver Burden. Clinical Gerontologist. 2021. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2021.1940409

Kootker, J. A., van Heugten, C. M., Kral, B., Rasquin, S. M. C., Geurts, A. C., & Fasotti, L. Caregivers' effects of augmented cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-stroke depressive symptoms in patients: secondary analyses to a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2019; 33(6): 1056-1065. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215519833013

Kuo, L. M., Huang, H. L., Huang, H. L., Liang, J., Chiu, Y. C., Chen, S. T., … Shyu, Y. I. L. A home-based training program improves Taiwanese family caregivers' quality of life and decreases their risk for depression: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013; 28(5): 504-513. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3853

Le, C. T., & Lee, J. A. Home visit based mindfulness intervention for vietnamese american dementia family caregivers: A pilot feasibility study. Asian Pacific Island Nursing Journal. 2020; 5(4): 207-216. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.31372/20200504.1096

Maciá, E. S., & López, B. B. Development of a psychoeducational program in emotional intelligence for primary caregivers of Alzheimer patients. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2014; 4(3), 257-266. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe4030024

Martin-Martin, L. M., Valenza-Demet, G., Ariza-Vega, P., Valenza, C., Castellote-Caballero, Y., & Jimenez-Moleon, J. J. Effectiveness of an occupational therapy intervention in reducing emotional distress in informal caregivers of hip fracture patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2014; 28(8), 772-783. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513519343

McCann, T. V., Songprakun, W., & Stephenson, J. Effectiveness of guided self-help in decreasing expressed emotion in family caregivers of people diagnosed with depression in Thailand: a randomised controlled trial. Bmc Psychiatry. 2015; 15. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0654-z

Mikkelsen, M. B., Elkjaer, E., Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., Zachariae, R., Applebaum, A., & O'Toole, M. S. The impact of emotion regulation therapy on emotion differentiation in psychologically distressed caregivers of cancer patients. Anxiety Stress and Coping. 2021; 34(4): 479-485. Disponible en: doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.1929934

Mohammed, A. S., Mohamed, S. M., & Zaki, R. A. H. Psycho-educational nursing intervention for improving coping strategies and psychological well-being among family caregivers of children with down syndrome. NeuroQuantology, 2021; 19(5): 49-60. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.5.NQ21048

Mosher, C. E., Winger, J. G., Hanna, N., Jalal, S. I., Einhorn, L. H., Birdas, T. J.,… Champion, V. L. Randomized Pilot Trial of a Telephone Symptom Management Intervention for Symptomatic Lung Cancer Patients and Their Family Caregivers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2016; 52(4): 469-482. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.04.006

Moskowitz, J. T., Cheung, E. O., Snowberg, K. E., Verstaen, A., Merrilees, J., Salsman, J. M., & Dowling, G. A.Randomized controlled trial of a facilitated online positive emotion regulation intervention for dementia caregivers. Health Psychology. 2019; 38(5): 391-402. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000680

Nehrig, N., Shifrin, M., Abraham, K., & Chen, C. K. (2019). The Benefits and Limitations of a Behavioral Intervention for Caregivers of Dementia Patients: A Qualitative Study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2019; 26(3): 562-574. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.10.004

Ravyts, S. G., Sannes, T. S., Dzierzewski, J. M., Zhou, E. S., Brewer, B. W., Natvig, C., & Laudenslager, M. L. Check your sleep before you start: A secondary analysis of a stress management intervention for caregivers of stem cell transplant patients. Psycho-Oncology. 2021; 30(6): 936-945. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5680

Rico-Blázquez, M., García-Sanz, P., Martín-Martín, M., López-Rodríguez, J. A., Morey-Montalvo, M., Sanz-Cuesta, T.,… The CuidaCare, G. (2021). Effectiveness of a home-based nursing support and cognitive restructuring intervention on the quality of life of family caregivers in primary care: A pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021; 120. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103955

Sharma, M., Srivastava, S., & Pathak, A. (2021). Family psychoeducation as an intervention tool in the management of schizophrenia and the psychological wellbeing of caregivers. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2021; 46(2): 304-308.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_683_20

Smith, G. C., Egbert, N., Dellman-Jenkins, M., Nanna, K., & Palmieri, P. A. Reducing depression in stroke survivors and their informal caregivers: A randomized clinical trial of a web-based intervention. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2012; 57(3): 196-206. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029587

Thompson, C., Fernandez de la Cruz, L., Mataix-Cols, D., & Onwumere, J. (2016). Development of a brief psychoeducational group intervention for carers of people with hoarding disorder: A proof-of-concept study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 9, 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.03.002

van Haeften-van Dijk, A. M., Meiland, F. J., Hattink, B. J. J., Bakker, T., & Droes, R. M. A comparison of a community-based dementia support programme and nursing home-based day care: Effects on carer needs, emotional burden and quality of life. Dementia-International Journal of Social Research and Practice. 2020; 19(8): 2836-2856. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219861767

Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Blanco, V., Otero, P., Díaz, O., & Ferraces, M. J. Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of a Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Depression Prevention Intervention for Caregivers with Elevated Depressive Symptoms. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016; 24(6): 421-432. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2016.02.050

Viegas, L. M., Fernandes, A. A., & Veiga, M. Nursing intervention for stress management in family caregivers of dependent older adults: A pilot study. Revista Baiana de Enfermagem. 2018; 32. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v32.25244

Walker, M. F., Thomas, S. A., Whitehead, P. J., Condon, L., Fisher, R. J., Kontou, E.,… Cobley, C. Biopsychosocial Intervention for Stroke Carers (BISC): protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT). Bmj Open. 2017; 7(10). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018309

Wilz, G., Meichsner, F., & Soellner, R. Are psychotherapeutic effects on family caregivers of people with dementia sustainable? Two-year long-term effects of a telephone-based cognitive behavioral intervention. Aging and Mental Health. 2017; 21(7): 774-781. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1156646

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.


Licencia de Creative Commons
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.