Bienestar subjetivo y ansiedad en la ideación suicida universitaria: análisis de mediación
Palabras clave:
Bienestar Subjetivo; Ansiedad; Ideación Suicida; Estudiantes; Análisis de MediaciónResumen
Introducción: Bajo bienestar subjetivo puede favorecer ansiedad y riesgo de ideación suicida en jóvenes universitarios
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre bienestar subjetivo e ideación suicida en estudiantes universitarios, considerando el papel mediador de la ansiedad.
Método: Estudio de corte transversal basado en datos secundarios de 2992 estudiantes universitarios. Las variables incluidas fueron bienestar subjetivo, ansiedad, ideación suicida y factores sociodemográficos. La consistencia interna de las escalas se evaluó mediante alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Las relaciones entre las variables se analizaron mediante el macro PROCESS modelo 4 de Hayes, aplicando un análisis de mediación simple ajustado por covariables. El efecto indirecto se estimó mediante bootstrap de 5000 remuestreos, obteniendo intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Se elaboró una figura representando el modelo teórico de mediación propuesto.
Resultados: Todas las escalas mostraron alta consistencia interna (α y ω >0,80). El bienestar subjetivo total se asoció de manera inversa con los niveles de ansiedad (B = –0,28). Ser mujer y pertenecer a un estrato socioeconómico más alto se asociaron con mayor ansiedad (B = 0,19 y B = 0,04). El bienestar subjetivo también mostró relación inversa con la ideación suicida (OR = 0,69), mientras que la ansiedad se asoció positivamente con ella (OR = 2,18). Se confirmó un efecto indirecto significativo de bienestar sobre ideación suicida vía ansiedad (B = –0,22).
Conclusiones: En estudiantes universitarios, un menor bienestar subjetivo se vinculó con mayor ideación suicida, mediada en parte por la ansiedad, destacando su relevancia para la prevención.
Descargas
Citas
1. Renaud J, MacNeil SL, Vijayakumar L, Spodenkiewicz M, Daniels S, Brent DA, et al. Suicidal ideation and behavior in youth in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review of risk factors and implications for prevention. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022;13:1044354. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044354
2. Bertuccio P, Amerio A, Grande E, La Vecchia C, Costanza A, Aguglia A, et al. Global trends in youth suicide from 1990 to 2020: an analysis of data from the WHO mortality database. EClinicalMedicine [Internet]. 2024;70(102506):102506. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102506
3. Looijmans M, von Spreckelsen P, Berkelmans G, Popma A, van Bergen D, Gilissen R, et al. The prevalence, course, and risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among students in vocational education. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health [Internet]. 2024;18(1):132. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-024-00828-7
4. Landa-Blanco M, Romero K, Caballero I, Gálvez-Pineda E, Fúnes-Henríquez MJ, Romero R. Exploring suicide ideation in university students: sleep quality, social media, self-esteem, and barriers to seeking psychological help. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2024;15:1352889. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352889
5. Crispim M de O, Santos CMRD, Frazão I da S, Frazão CMF de Q, Albuquerque RCR de, Perrelli JGA. Prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem [Internet]. 2021;29:e3495. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.5320.3495
6. Xiao Y, Hinrichs R, Johnson N, McKinley A, Carlson J, Agley J, et al. Suicide prevention among college students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Res Protoc [Internet]. 2021;10(5):e26948. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26948
7. Calvetti PÜ, Barros HMT, Schaab BL, Mattos YL, Reppold CT. Subjective well-being and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord Rep [Internet]. 2024;16(100742):100742. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100742
8. Das KV, Jones-Harrell C, Fan Y, Ramaswami A, Orlove B, Botchwey N. Understanding subjective well-being: perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Rev [Internet]. 2020;41(1):25. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00142-5
9. Choi M, Sempungu JK, Kim M-H, Han J, Lee YH. Happiness and its association with suicide ideation and attempt in Korea: The roles of Socio-environmental, psychological, and health-related factors. J Korean Med Sci [Internet]. 2024;39(44):e283. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e283
10. Chen M, Zhou Y, Luo D, Yan S, Liu M, Wang M, et al. Association of family function and suicide risk in teenagers with a history of self-harm behaviors: mediating role of subjective wellbeing and depression. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2023;11:1164999. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1164999
11. Valdés JM, Díaz FJ, Christiansen PM, Lorca GA, Solorza FJ, Alvear M, et al. Mental health and related factors among undergraduate students during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022;13:833263. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833263
12. Demenech LM, Neiva-Silva L, Brignol SMS, Marcon SR, Lemos SM, Tassitano RM, et al. Suicide risk among undergraduate students in Brazil in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the SABES-Grad national survey. Psychol Med [Internet]. 2023;53(11):4977–89. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722001933
13. Etxaburu N, Santolaria R, Aonso-Diego G, Lamas J, Mico V, Estévez A. The mediating role of mental health in the relationship between gambling severity and suicidal ideation: A study with clinical and general population. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2025; Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01503-4
14. Chen H, Liu Y, Qi T, Qin Z, Zheng S, Guo S. Exploring the influence of college students’ crisis life events on suicidal ideation: a chain multiple mediation model linking social support, anxiety and depression. Curr Psychol [Internet]. 2025; Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08242-8
15. Martínez L. Self-repoted subjective well-being and mental health of college students - 2022. Mendeley; 2022 [citado 2 de octubre de 2025]. https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/bytb22nf7m/1
16. Jung H-Y, Pae C, An I, Bang M, Choi TK, Cho SJ, et al. A multimodal study regarding neural correlates of the subjective well-being in healthy individuals. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2022;12(1):13688. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18013-1
17. Kraiss JT, Ten Klooster PM, Moskowitz JT, Bohlmeijer ET. The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020;102(152189):152189. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152189
18. Mac-Ginty S, Lira D, Lillo I, Moraga E, Cáceres C, Araya R, et al. Association between socioeconomic position and depression, anxiety and eating disorders in university students: A systematic review. Adolesc Res Rev [Internet]. 2024;9(3):435–51. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40894-023-00230-y
19. Gao W, Ping S, Liu X. Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: A longitudinal study from China. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2020;263:292–300. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121
20. Yu Z, Liu H, Ye B, Tang C, Huang D, Liu L. Life satisfaction and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022;13:937511. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937511
21. Rubio A, Oyanedel JC, Bilbao M, Mendiburo-Seguel A, López V, Páez D. Suicidal ideation mediates the relationship between affect and suicide attempt in adolescents. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2020;11:524848. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.524848
22. Sun G, Liu Z, Ma Z, Lew B, Jia C. The relationship between negative focused disposition and suicidal ideation among college students: The mediating effects of somatic anxiety, general distress, and depression. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022;13:928666. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.928666
23. Gupta S, Fischer J, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A. Emotional regulation and suicidal ideation-Mediating roles of perceived social support and avoidant coping. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2024;15:1377355. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377355
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Alberto Guevara Tirado

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
