Factores de riesgo para conducta suicida en pacientes con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
Keywords:
VIH; SIDA; pacientes; poblaciónAbstract
Introducción el suicidio constituye una de las principales causas de muerte en personas con de VIH/SIDA, que supera en frecuencia a la población general.
Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de conducta suicida en personas que viven con VIH.
Metodología: la búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, abarcó publicaciones entre el 1 de enero de 2020 y el 31 de enero de 2025, bajo los lineamientos del sistema PRISMA-ScR. Se emplearon operadores boléanos (AND/OR) y términos MeSH como HIV, AIDS, patients, population, así como frases de control con suicide behavior y risk factors. Tras el proceso de selección, se incluyeron 17 estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y ofrecían evidencia relevante.
Resultados: los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron los trastornos mentales (depresión, ansiedad y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas), el estigma relacionado con la enfermedad, la falta de apoyo social, el aislamiento, la pobreza, el sexo femenino, y el estadio avanzado del VIH. También se evidenció la importancia del entorno psicosocial, el estado civil, la edad avanzada y los efectos adversos del tratamiento antirretroviral.
Conclusión: esta revisión pone de manifiesto la necesidad de intervenciones integrales y multidisciplinarias que aborden no solo el tratamiento médico, sino también la salud mental, el apoyo social y económico de esta población vulnerable.
Palabras clave: VIH; SIDA; pacientes; población.
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References
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HIV data and statistics [Internet]. [citado 21 de marzo de 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-data-and-statistics
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Tsai YT, M SPK, Ku HC, Wu YL, Ko NY. Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review. PLOS ONE. 20 de marzo de 2023;18(3):e0269489.
Rafiei S, Raoofi S, Pashazadeh Kan F, Masoumi M, Doustmehraban M, Biparva AJ, et al. Global prevalence of suicide in patients living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 15 de febrero de 2023;323:400-8.
Pelton M, Ciarletta M, Wisnousky H, Lazzara N, Manglani M, Ba DM, et al. Rates and risk factors for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in persons with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Psychiatry. 2021;34(2):e100247.
Bogale EK, Zewdie A, Kassie TD, Anagaw TF, Mazengia EM, Gelaw SS, et al. Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. PloS One. 2024;19(3):e0294078.
Huang XP, Li ZQ, Wei-Zhang, Feng XM, Wang XC, Jiang ZL. Self-injury and suicide among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 19 de agosto de 2024;24(1):2248.
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Sianturi EI, Longe VS, Arjadi R, Bakri NF, Gunawan E, Sinaga ES. Suicide Behavior Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia. J Immigr Minor Health. agosto de 2024;26(4):660-6.
Bamidele O, Agada D, Afolayan E, Ogunleye A, Ogah C, Amaike C, et al. Pattern and risk factors for suicidal behaviors of people accessing HIV care in Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey. HIV AIDS Rev. 2024;23(2):141-51.
Smith AC, Goulet JL, Vlahov D, Justice AC, Womack JA. Self-injurious unnatural death among Veterans with HIV. AIDS Lond Engl. 1 de agosto de 2024;38(10):1570-8.
Metekiya WM, Gebreselassie AT, Amare TA, Wondafrash DZ. Prevalence and Determinants of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: a Systematic Review. East Asian Arch Psychiatry Off J Hong Kong Coll Psychiatr Dong Ya Jing Shen Ke Xue Zhi Xianggang Jing Shen Ke Yi Xue Yuan Qi Kan. junio de 2022;32(2):39-42.
Necho M, Tsehay M, Zenebe Y. Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Int J Ment Health Syst. 23 de enero de 2021;15(1).
Smith A, Goulet JL, Vlahov D, Justice AC, Womack JA. Risk factors for suicide among veterans living with and without HIV: a nested case-control study. AIDS Behav. enero de 2024;28(1):115-24.
Tsai YT, Padmalatha S, Ku HC, Wu YL, Yu T, Chen MH, et al. Suicidality Among People Living With HIV From 2010 to 2021: A Systematic Review and a Meta-regression. Psychosom Med. 1 de octubre de 2022;84(8):924-39.
Satre DD, Sarovar V, Levine T, Leibowitz AS, Lea AN, Ridout KK, et al. Factors associated with suicidal ideation among people with HIV engaged in care. J Affect Disord. 1 de agosto de 2024;358:369-76.
Yang Z, Chen X, Chen X, Xie Z, Luo D. Completed suicide risk factors among people living with HIV in Hunan Province identified through a psychological autopsy case-control study. Sci Rep. 28 de diciembre de 2024;14(1):30988.
Pinto AN, Grey P, Shaik A, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Petoumenos K. Early Treatment of Primary HIV Infection Is Associated with Decreased Mortality. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. noviembre de 2018;34(11):936-41.
Mi T, Zhang J, Yang X, Chen S, Weissman S, Olatosi B, et al. Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among People With HIV: A Statewide Population-level Cohort Analysis Between 2005 and 2020. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 1 de febrero de 2024;95(2):117-25.
Barroso Martínez AA. Comprender el suicidio desde una perspectiva de género: una revisión crítica bibliográfica. Rev Asoc Esp Neuropsiquiatría. junio de 2019;39(135):51-66.
Suicide worldwide in 2019 [Internet]. [citado 5 de mayo de 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240026643
Richardson C, Robb KA, O’Connor RC. A systematic review of suicidal behaviour in men: A narrative synthesis of risk factors. Soc Sci Med. 1 de mayo de 2021;276:113831.
Canetto SS, Sakinofsky I. The gender paradox in suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1998;28(1):1-23.
Shoib S, Amanda TW, Saeed F, Ransing R, Bhandari SS, Armiya’u AY, et al. Association Between Loneliness and Suicidal Behaviour: A Scoping Review. Turk J Psychiatry. 9 de junio de 2023;34(2):125-32.
Gizachew KD, Chekol YA, Basha EA, Mamuye SA, Wubetu AD. Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals: Central Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 19 de febrero de 2021;20(1):15.
Smith A, Breazeale S, Goulet JL, Vlahov D, Justice AC, Womack JA. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Suicide Among Persons Living with HIV (1996-2020). AIDS Behav. agosto de 2022;26(8):2559-73.
Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-National Prevalence and Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation, Plans, and Attempts. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. febrero de 2008;192:98-105.
Andersen MM, Varga S, Folker AP. On the definition of stigma. J Eval Clin Pract. octubre de 2022;28(5):847-53.
Dávila-Cervantes CA, Pardo-Montaño AM, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Pardo-Montaño AM. Impacto de factores socioeconómicos en la mortalidad por suicidios en Colombia, 2000-2013. Rev Gerenc Políticas Salud. diciembre de 2017;16(33):36-51.
HIV data and statistics [Internet]. [citado 21 de marzo de 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/strategic-information/hiv-data-and-statistics
Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Havlir DV. The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease. The Lancet. 2 de noviembre de 2013;382(9903):1525-33.
Niu L, Luo D, Liu Y, Silenzio VMB, Xiao S. The Mental Health of People Living with HIV in China, 1998–2014: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE. 15 de abril de 2016;11(4):e0153489.
Tsai YT, M SPK, Ku HC, Wu YL, Ko NY. Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review. PLOS ONE. 20 de marzo de 2023;18(3):e0269489.
Rafiei S, Raoofi S, Pashazadeh Kan F, Masoumi M, Doustmehraban M, Biparva AJ, et al. Global prevalence of suicide in patients living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 15 de febrero de 2023;323:400-8.
Pelton M, Ciarletta M, Wisnousky H, Lazzara N, Manglani M, Ba DM, et al. Rates and risk factors for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in persons with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Psychiatry. 2021;34(2):e100247.
Bogale EK, Zewdie A, Kassie TD, Anagaw TF, Mazengia EM, Gelaw SS, et al. Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. PloS One. 2024;19(3):e0294078.
Huang XP, Li ZQ, Wei-Zhang, Feng XM, Wang XC, Jiang ZL. Self-injury and suicide among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 19 de agosto de 2024;24(1):2248.
Gebrekidan AY, Lombebo AA, Efa AG, Azeze GA, Kassie GA, Haile KE, et al. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1361304.
Ophinni Y, Adrian, Siste K, Wiwie M, Anindyajati G, Hanafi E, et al. Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. BMC Psychiatry. 24 de mayo de 2020;20(1):255.
Sianturi EI, Longe VS, Arjadi R, Bakri NF, Gunawan E, Sinaga ES. Suicide Behavior Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia. J Immigr Minor Health. agosto de 2024;26(4):660-6.
Bamidele O, Agada D, Afolayan E, Ogunleye A, Ogah C, Amaike C, et al. Pattern and risk factors for suicidal behaviors of people accessing HIV care in Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey. HIV AIDS Rev. 2024;23(2):141-51.
Smith AC, Goulet JL, Vlahov D, Justice AC, Womack JA. Self-injurious unnatural death among Veterans with HIV. AIDS Lond Engl. 1 de agosto de 2024;38(10):1570-8.
Metekiya WM, Gebreselassie AT, Amare TA, Wondafrash DZ. Prevalence and Determinants of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: a Systematic Review. East Asian Arch Psychiatry Off J Hong Kong Coll Psychiatr Dong Ya Jing Shen Ke Xue Zhi Xianggang Jing Shen Ke Yi Xue Yuan Qi Kan. junio de 2022;32(2):39-42.
Necho M, Tsehay M, Zenebe Y. Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Int J Ment Health Syst. 23 de enero de 2021;15(1).
Smith A, Goulet JL, Vlahov D, Justice AC, Womack JA. Risk factors for suicide among veterans living with and without HIV: a nested case-control study. AIDS Behav. enero de 2024;28(1):115-24.
Tsai YT, Padmalatha S, Ku HC, Wu YL, Yu T, Chen MH, et al. Suicidality Among People Living With HIV From 2010 to 2021: A Systematic Review and a Meta-regression. Psychosom Med. 1 de octubre de 2022;84(8):924-39.
Satre DD, Sarovar V, Levine T, Leibowitz AS, Lea AN, Ridout KK, et al. Factors associated with suicidal ideation among people with HIV engaged in care. J Affect Disord. 1 de agosto de 2024;358:369-76.
Yang Z, Chen X, Chen X, Xie Z, Luo D. Completed suicide risk factors among people living with HIV in Hunan Province identified through a psychological autopsy case-control study. Sci Rep. 28 de diciembre de 2024;14(1):30988.
Pinto AN, Grey P, Shaik A, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Petoumenos K. Early Treatment of Primary HIV Infection Is Associated with Decreased Mortality. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. noviembre de 2018;34(11):936-41.
Mi T, Zhang J, Yang X, Chen S, Weissman S, Olatosi B, et al. Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among People With HIV: A Statewide Population-level Cohort Analysis Between 2005 and 2020. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 1 de febrero de 2024;95(2):117-25.
Barroso Martínez AA. Comprender el suicidio desde una perspectiva de género: una revisión crítica bibliográfica. Rev Asoc Esp Neuropsiquiatría. junio de 2019;39(135):51-66.
Suicide worldwide in 2019 [Internet]. [citado 5 de mayo de 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240026643
Richardson C, Robb KA, O’Connor RC. A systematic review of suicidal behaviour in men: A narrative synthesis of risk factors. Soc Sci Med. 1 de mayo de 2021;276:113831.
Canetto SS, Sakinofsky I. The gender paradox in suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1998;28(1):1-23.
Shoib S, Amanda TW, Saeed F, Ransing R, Bhandari SS, Armiya’u AY, et al. Association Between Loneliness and Suicidal Behaviour: A Scoping Review. Turk J Psychiatry. 9 de junio de 2023;34(2):125-32.
Gizachew KD, Chekol YA, Basha EA, Mamuye SA, Wubetu AD. Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals: Central Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 19 de febrero de 2021;20(1):15.
Smith A, Breazeale S, Goulet JL, Vlahov D, Justice AC, Womack JA. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Suicide Among Persons Living with HIV (1996-2020). AIDS Behav. agosto de 2022;26(8):2559-73.
Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-National Prevalence and Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation, Plans, and Attempts. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. febrero de 2008;192:98-105.
Andersen MM, Varga S, Folker AP. On the definition of stigma. J Eval Clin Pract. octubre de 2022;28(5):847-53.
Dávila-Cervantes CA, Pardo-Montaño AM, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Pardo-Montaño AM. Impacto de factores socioeconómicos en la mortalidad por suicidios en Colombia, 2000-2013. Rev Gerenc Políticas Salud. diciembre de 2017;16(33):36-51.
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2025-08-14
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Zamudio Rojas JL. Factores de riesgo para conducta suicida en pacientes con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Rev. Hosp. Psiq. Habana [Internet]. 2025 Aug. 14 [cited 2025 Aug. 18];22. Available from: https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/816
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Copyright (c) 2025 Johana Liseth Zamudio Rojas
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