Physical, Psychological and Sexual Functioning of Older Adults in Peru
Keywords:
psychological functioning, quality of life, psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships.Abstract
Introduction: Older adults after retirement face several changes that affect their quality of life and psychological balance. However, there are few studies that analyze the characteristics of the quality of functioning in older adults, especially in northern Peru.
Objectives: Analyze the physical, psychological, social and sexual functioning in older adults, and subsequently to determine if there are differences in functioning related to sociodemographic variables.
Methods: A research was carried out with a non-experimental design. The sample was made of 400 older adults selected through non-probabilistic sampling by criteria. A scale composed of 10 items with Likert-type response options was used as an instrument.
Results: 44.4 % had loss of visual acuity; 32.7 % have had difficulties in their hearing abilities: 43.6 % had experienced changes in their moods, and problems enjoying activities that cause anxiety and stress; 33.2 % and 36.4 % considered that social participation in the community had decreased. The analysis of means indicated that women had lower psychological and social functioning compared to men (sig. ,010. ,048), adults aged 77 - 86 years have had greater declines in physical functioning (sig. ,000).
Conclusions: These results constitute a basis for all health professionals working with older adult populations, to guide the design and implementation of intervention plans to improve the quality of functioning in this sector of the population.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Kurt DA, Soto D, García CR, Kimn DA, Dulanto JA, Morales R. La calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud oral, en el Centro del Adulto Mayor de San Isidro, Lima. Revista Cubana de Estomatología. 2022; 59(4), e3937. 1561-297X-est-59-04-e3937.pdf (sld.cu)
2. López H, Medina M, Hernández P, Silva J. Sexualidad en el adulto mayor, conductas y retos – revisión de la literatura. Sexualidad en el Adulto Mayor. 2019; 28, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645849
3. Souza JE, Silva BF, Barros VS, Souza AR, Cordeiro JR J, Siqueira LR., Okino N. Sexuality is associated with the quality of life of the elderly!. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021; 74(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1272
4. Souza JE, Silva CS, Lapa OS, Trindade LE, Silva BF, Sawada NO. Influence of Sexuality on the Health of the Elderly in Process of Dementia: Integrative Review. Aquichan. 2020; 20(1). https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2020.20.1.6
5. Paz F, Sánchez MA, Corona T, NavaJ. Estudio piloto sobre el funcionamiento sexual en mujeres con Esclerosis Múltiple en México. Rev. Ecuat. Neurol. 2021; 30(3), 53-58. https://doi.org.10.46997/revecuatneurol30300053
6. Álvarez-Muelas A, Gómez-Berrocal C, Sierra JC. Relación del doble estándar sexual con el funcionamiento sexual y las conductas sexuales de riesgo: revisión sistemática. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud. 2020; 11(2), 103-116. Doi: https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2020.02.038
7. Leitón ZE, Fajardo E, Henao AM. Participación social y capacidad cognitiva del adulto mayor con enfermedad crónica. Salud Unicorte, 2021; 37(2), 316-328. http://doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.2.618.9
8. Caycho T, Carbajal C, Noé-Grijalva M. Nuevos aportes para la comprensión de la ideación y el intento suicida en adultos mayores peruanos. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 2020ª; 55(3), 180-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.02.005
9. Ortega MY, Villeda J, López BE, Hernández J, Castañeda AC, Cano A. Salud percibida del adulto mayor y su asociación con la funcionalidad familiar. Revista de Psicología de la Salud. 2023; 11(1), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.21134/pssa.v11i1.305
10. Del Carmen M, Bautista R, Díez MR, Del Carmen M, Díez S. Opiniones de la sociedad sobre la sexualidad de los ancianos. Gerokomos. 2021; 32(3), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X2021000400003
11. Ramírez YC, Flórez HM, Cardona D, Segura A, Muñoz D, Lizaco D, Moreles S, Arango C, Agudelo MC. Factores asociados con la ideación suicida del adulto mayor en tres ciudades de Colombia, 2016. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 2020;49(3), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2018.09.004
12. Chávez-Moreno D, Infante-Sierra H, Serralde-Zúñiga A. Sarcopenia y funcionalidad en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Nutrición hospitalaria. 2015; 31(4), 1660-1666. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.4.8502
13. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Estadísticas sanitarias mundiales. Monitoreando la salud para los ODS Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. 2020. 20117_Spanish_WHS 2020_Web.pdf (who.int)
14. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. En el Perú existen más de cuatro millones de adultos mayores. 2020. https://n9.cl/3l4q0
15. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Situación de la población adulta mayor. Informe técnico (2). 2021. https://n9.cl/8rrql
16. NeJhaddadgar N, Ziapour A, Abbas J, Mardi A, Zare M. Correlation between general health and sexual function in older women in an Iranian setting. Journal of education and health promotion. 2020; 9, 300. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_316_20
17. Mat H, Nor SA, Ibrahim R. The association between depression and sexual satisfaction among Malay elderly in Malaysia. Heliyon. 2019; 5(6), 01940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01940
18. Cea, J., Márquez, F., & Rubio, M. Cross-sectional study on the impact of age, menopause and quality of life on female sexual function. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology: the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2022; 42(5), 1225–1232. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2021.1945017
19. Smith, L., Grabovac, I., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Isik, A., Stubbs, B., Yang, L., & Jackson, S. Sleep Quality, Duration, and Associated Sexual Function at Older Age: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The journal of sexual medicine. 2019; 16(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.005
20. Park K, Chung HS. Sexual health and sexual activity in the elderly. J Korean Med Assoc. 2019; 62(6),301-307. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2019.62.6.301
21. Stentagg M, Skär L, Berglund J, Lindberg T. Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual Activity and Satisfaction Among Older Adult's 60 Years of Age. Sexual medicine. 2021; 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100316
22. Bai Y, Bian F, Zhang L, Cao Y. The Impact of Social Support on the Health of the Rural Elderly in China. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020; 17(6), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062004
23. Portela MA, Machado AI. Consecuencias psicológicas del aislamiento social y su vinculación con el funcionamiento psicológico positivo. Actualidades en Psicología. 2022; 36(132), 72-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ap.v36i132.49584
24. Caycho T, Carbajal C, Noé-Grijalva M. Soledad, sexo y percepción de la salud general en adultos mayores peruanos. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. 2020b 55(3), 187-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.02.005
25. Caycho T, Carbajal C, Noé-Grijalva M. Voluntad de vivir en adultos mayores peruanos. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. 2020c; 55(2), 126-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.02.005
26. Bustamante S, Luna FM, Ojeda MG, Rojo D, Rodríguez R, Fajardo E. Principios de cuidado al adulto mayor en familias peruanas y mexicanas: Estudio comparado. Salud Uninorte. 2018; 34(1), 112-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.34.1.10667
27. Sernaque S. Percepción de la sexualidad en adultos mayores de Lima Metropolitana [Tesis de bachiller, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola]. Repositorio institucional. 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14005/10272
28. Kabisch N, Pueffel C, Masztalerz O, Hemmerling J, Kraemer R. Physiological and psychological effects of visits to different urban green and street environments in older people: A field experiment in a dense inner-city area. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2021; 207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103998
29. Pratiwi PI, Xiang Q, Furuya K. Physiological and psychological effects of walking in urban parks and its imagery in different seasons in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from Matsudo City, Japan. Sustainability. 2020; 12(10), 4003. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104003
30. Luo MS, Chui EWT, Li LW. The longitudinal associations between physical health and mental health among older adults. Aging & mental health. 2020; 24(12), 1990-1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1655706
31. Kim HJ, Fredriksen-Goldsen K, Jung HH. Determinants of Physical Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life among Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Aging and Health. 2023; 35(1-2), 138-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643221108658
32. Rambaldini-Gooding D, Molloy L, Parrish AM, Strahilevitz M, Clarke R, Dubrau JML, Perez P. Exploring the impact of public transport including free and subsidised on the physical, mental and social well-being of older adults: a literature review. Transport reviews. 2021; 41(5), 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.1872731
33. Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on health in older people: mental and physical effects and recommendations. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2020;24, 938-947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7
34. Adcock M, Fankhauser M, Post J, Lutz K, Zizlsperger L, Luft AR, de Bruin ED. Effects of an in-home multicomponent exergame training on physical functions, cognition, and brain volume of older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in medicine. 2020; 6, 321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00321
35. Merino MD, Privado J. Positive Psychological Functioning. Evidence for a new construct and its measurement. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology. 2015; 31(1), 45-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.1.171081
36. Remaycuna-Vasquez A, Atoche-Silva LA, Vela-Miranda OM, Horna-Calderon VE, Solano-Cavero J K, Carrión-Barco G. Validez y confiabilidad de la escala de funcionamiento psicológico positivo en mujeres de Perú. Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana. 2023; 20(2). https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/345
37. Patrizio E, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Cesari M. Physical functional assessment in older adults. The Journal of frailty & aging. 2021; 10, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2020.61
38. Zhao Y, Duan Y, Feng H, Nan J, Li X, Zhang H, Xiao LD. Trajectories of physical functioning and its predictors in older adults: A 16-year longitudinal study in China. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022;10, 923767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.923767
39. Dandan JIAO, Miura KW, Sawada , Tanaka E, Watanabe T, Tomisaki E, Tokie ANME. Changes in Social Relationships and Physical Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of Nursing Research. 2022; 30(5), e228. DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000513
40. Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Tosato M, Landi F, Picca A, Marzetti E. Protein intake and physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews. 2022;101731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101731
41. Singhal S, Walter LC, Smith AK, Loh KP, Cohen HJ, Zeng S, Wong ML. Change in four measures of physical function among older adults during lung cancer treatment: A mixed methods cohort study. Journal of Geriatric Oncology. 2023; 14(2), 101366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2022.08.015
42. Ando M, Kamide N, Sakamoto M, Shiba Y, Sato H, Kawamura A, Watanabe S. The Effects of Neighborhood Physical and Social Environment on Physical Function among Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A One-Year Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022, 19, 7999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137999
43. Tariq J, Zakar R, Ali MV, Zakar MZ, Sajjad A, Fischer F. Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20). BMC geriatrics. 2023; 23(1), 349. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04014-w
2. López H, Medina M, Hernández P, Silva J. Sexualidad en el adulto mayor, conductas y retos – revisión de la literatura. Sexualidad en el Adulto Mayor. 2019; 28, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645849
3. Souza JE, Silva BF, Barros VS, Souza AR, Cordeiro JR J, Siqueira LR., Okino N. Sexuality is associated with the quality of life of the elderly!. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021; 74(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1272
4. Souza JE, Silva CS, Lapa OS, Trindade LE, Silva BF, Sawada NO. Influence of Sexuality on the Health of the Elderly in Process of Dementia: Integrative Review. Aquichan. 2020; 20(1). https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2020.20.1.6
5. Paz F, Sánchez MA, Corona T, NavaJ. Estudio piloto sobre el funcionamiento sexual en mujeres con Esclerosis Múltiple en México. Rev. Ecuat. Neurol. 2021; 30(3), 53-58. https://doi.org.10.46997/revecuatneurol30300053
6. Álvarez-Muelas A, Gómez-Berrocal C, Sierra JC. Relación del doble estándar sexual con el funcionamiento sexual y las conductas sexuales de riesgo: revisión sistemática. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud. 2020; 11(2), 103-116. Doi: https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2020.02.038
7. Leitón ZE, Fajardo E, Henao AM. Participación social y capacidad cognitiva del adulto mayor con enfermedad crónica. Salud Unicorte, 2021; 37(2), 316-328. http://doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.2.618.9
8. Caycho T, Carbajal C, Noé-Grijalva M. Nuevos aportes para la comprensión de la ideación y el intento suicida en adultos mayores peruanos. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 2020ª; 55(3), 180-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.02.005
9. Ortega MY, Villeda J, López BE, Hernández J, Castañeda AC, Cano A. Salud percibida del adulto mayor y su asociación con la funcionalidad familiar. Revista de Psicología de la Salud. 2023; 11(1), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.21134/pssa.v11i1.305
10. Del Carmen M, Bautista R, Díez MR, Del Carmen M, Díez S. Opiniones de la sociedad sobre la sexualidad de los ancianos. Gerokomos. 2021; 32(3), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X2021000400003
11. Ramírez YC, Flórez HM, Cardona D, Segura A, Muñoz D, Lizaco D, Moreles S, Arango C, Agudelo MC. Factores asociados con la ideación suicida del adulto mayor en tres ciudades de Colombia, 2016. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 2020;49(3), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2018.09.004
12. Chávez-Moreno D, Infante-Sierra H, Serralde-Zúñiga A. Sarcopenia y funcionalidad en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Nutrición hospitalaria. 2015; 31(4), 1660-1666. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.4.8502
13. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Estadísticas sanitarias mundiales. Monitoreando la salud para los ODS Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. 2020. 20117_Spanish_WHS 2020_Web.pdf (who.int)
14. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. En el Perú existen más de cuatro millones de adultos mayores. 2020. https://n9.cl/3l4q0
15. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Situación de la población adulta mayor. Informe técnico (2). 2021. https://n9.cl/8rrql
16. NeJhaddadgar N, Ziapour A, Abbas J, Mardi A, Zare M. Correlation between general health and sexual function in older women in an Iranian setting. Journal of education and health promotion. 2020; 9, 300. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_316_20
17. Mat H, Nor SA, Ibrahim R. The association between depression and sexual satisfaction among Malay elderly in Malaysia. Heliyon. 2019; 5(6), 01940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01940
18. Cea, J., Márquez, F., & Rubio, M. Cross-sectional study on the impact of age, menopause and quality of life on female sexual function. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology: the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2022; 42(5), 1225–1232. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2021.1945017
19. Smith, L., Grabovac, I., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Isik, A., Stubbs, B., Yang, L., & Jackson, S. Sleep Quality, Duration, and Associated Sexual Function at Older Age: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The journal of sexual medicine. 2019; 16(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.005
20. Park K, Chung HS. Sexual health and sexual activity in the elderly. J Korean Med Assoc. 2019; 62(6),301-307. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2019.62.6.301
21. Stentagg M, Skär L, Berglund J, Lindberg T. Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual Activity and Satisfaction Among Older Adult's 60 Years of Age. Sexual medicine. 2021; 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100316
22. Bai Y, Bian F, Zhang L, Cao Y. The Impact of Social Support on the Health of the Rural Elderly in China. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020; 17(6), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062004
23. Portela MA, Machado AI. Consecuencias psicológicas del aislamiento social y su vinculación con el funcionamiento psicológico positivo. Actualidades en Psicología. 2022; 36(132), 72-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ap.v36i132.49584
24. Caycho T, Carbajal C, Noé-Grijalva M. Soledad, sexo y percepción de la salud general en adultos mayores peruanos. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. 2020b 55(3), 187-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.02.005
25. Caycho T, Carbajal C, Noé-Grijalva M. Voluntad de vivir en adultos mayores peruanos. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. 2020c; 55(2), 126-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.02.005
26. Bustamante S, Luna FM, Ojeda MG, Rojo D, Rodríguez R, Fajardo E. Principios de cuidado al adulto mayor en familias peruanas y mexicanas: Estudio comparado. Salud Uninorte. 2018; 34(1), 112-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.34.1.10667
27. Sernaque S. Percepción de la sexualidad en adultos mayores de Lima Metropolitana [Tesis de bachiller, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola]. Repositorio institucional. 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14005/10272
28. Kabisch N, Pueffel C, Masztalerz O, Hemmerling J, Kraemer R. Physiological and psychological effects of visits to different urban green and street environments in older people: A field experiment in a dense inner-city area. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2021; 207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103998
29. Pratiwi PI, Xiang Q, Furuya K. Physiological and psychological effects of walking in urban parks and its imagery in different seasons in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from Matsudo City, Japan. Sustainability. 2020; 12(10), 4003. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104003
30. Luo MS, Chui EWT, Li LW. The longitudinal associations between physical health and mental health among older adults. Aging & mental health. 2020; 24(12), 1990-1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1655706
31. Kim HJ, Fredriksen-Goldsen K, Jung HH. Determinants of Physical Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life among Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Aging and Health. 2023; 35(1-2), 138-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643221108658
32. Rambaldini-Gooding D, Molloy L, Parrish AM, Strahilevitz M, Clarke R, Dubrau JML, Perez P. Exploring the impact of public transport including free and subsidised on the physical, mental and social well-being of older adults: a literature review. Transport reviews. 2021; 41(5), 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.1872731
33. Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on health in older people: mental and physical effects and recommendations. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2020;24, 938-947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7
34. Adcock M, Fankhauser M, Post J, Lutz K, Zizlsperger L, Luft AR, de Bruin ED. Effects of an in-home multicomponent exergame training on physical functions, cognition, and brain volume of older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in medicine. 2020; 6, 321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00321
35. Merino MD, Privado J. Positive Psychological Functioning. Evidence for a new construct and its measurement. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology. 2015; 31(1), 45-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.1.171081
36. Remaycuna-Vasquez A, Atoche-Silva LA, Vela-Miranda OM, Horna-Calderon VE, Solano-Cavero J K, Carrión-Barco G. Validez y confiabilidad de la escala de funcionamiento psicológico positivo en mujeres de Perú. Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana. 2023; 20(2). https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/345
37. Patrizio E, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Cesari M. Physical functional assessment in older adults. The Journal of frailty & aging. 2021; 10, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2020.61
38. Zhao Y, Duan Y, Feng H, Nan J, Li X, Zhang H, Xiao LD. Trajectories of physical functioning and its predictors in older adults: A 16-year longitudinal study in China. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022;10, 923767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.923767
39. Dandan JIAO, Miura KW, Sawada , Tanaka E, Watanabe T, Tomisaki E, Tokie ANME. Changes in Social Relationships and Physical Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of Nursing Research. 2022; 30(5), e228. DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000513
40. Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Tosato M, Landi F, Picca A, Marzetti E. Protein intake and physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews. 2022;101731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101731
41. Singhal S, Walter LC, Smith AK, Loh KP, Cohen HJ, Zeng S, Wong ML. Change in four measures of physical function among older adults during lung cancer treatment: A mixed methods cohort study. Journal of Geriatric Oncology. 2023; 14(2), 101366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2022.08.015
42. Ando M, Kamide N, Sakamoto M, Shiba Y, Sato H, Kawamura A, Watanabe S. The Effects of Neighborhood Physical and Social Environment on Physical Function among Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A One-Year Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022, 19, 7999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137999
43. Tariq J, Zakar R, Ali MV, Zakar MZ, Sajjad A, Fischer F. Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20). BMC geriatrics. 2023; 23(1), 349. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04014-w
Downloads
Published
2024-07-15
How to Cite
1.
Espinoza-Porras FR, Remaycuna-Vasquez A, Niño Tezén AL, Córdova-Rivas YM, Izquierdo Marín SS. Physical, Psychological and Sexual Functioning of Older Adults in Peru. Rev. Hosp. Psiq. Hab. [Internet]. 2024 Jul. 15 [cited 2025 Oct. 8];21(2). Available from: https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/494
Issue
Section
Artículo original
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fátima Rosalía Espinoza-Porras, Alberto Remaycuna-Vasquez, Angélica Lourdes Niño Tezén, Yisbelli Micaela Córdova-Rivas, Sandra Sofía Izquierdo Marín
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
