Posttraumatic Stress in the Health Staff at the National Medical Emergency Base who faced COVID-19
Keywords:
COVID-19, health staff, posttraumatic stress disorder.Abstract
Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) brought about a series of effects in different spheres of life, and the impact on people's mental health was a latent concern in society. In Cuba, health personnel mobilized to face this unprecedented health crisis, and were exposed to developing psychological discomfort, depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, among other conditions of this nature.
Objective: Characterize posttraumatic stress disorder in the health staff that faced COVID-19 in the red zone at the National Medical Emergency Base, in 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. Systemic processes of collection, analysis and interpretation of relevant information were developed, using the Revised Symptom Severity Scale which was applied to 47 workers of this institution.
Results: 17 % of the subjects had criteria to be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder; the male sex, married male and female nurses, with work experience ranging from 21 to 42 years, and those who had suffered the death of a loved one due to the virus were the most vulnerable of suffering from this disorder.
Conclusions: Re-experiencing, cognitive alterations and negative mood states were somatic nuclei present in all diagnosed subjects. Likewise, dysfunction is evident in different areas of daily life. The sentimental/marital area and the work/academic area were the most affected.Downloads
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References
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18. Alfonso-Rodríguez S, Barragán-Lara D, Moreno-Hernández M, Villegas-Almendra E, Harrison-Urcid L, Cabrera-Martínez M, et al. Nivel de estrés postraumático en el personal de enfermería que rotó por el servicio COVID-19. Científica Multidisciplinar,6(3),878-896. 2020. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v6i3.2264
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26. Tsai J, Armour C, Southwick S, Pietrzak R. Dissociative subtype of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder in U.S. veterans. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 66-67,67-74. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.017
27. Castro H, Prieto M, Muñoz A. Prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout en personal de salud durante la Pandemia de COVID-19 y factores asociados. Estudio de corte transversal. Medicina,82,479-486
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2022.https://www.medicinabuenosaires.com/revistas/vol82-22/n4/479.pdf
28. Cabezón M, Agurto M, Estefó M, Oliveros X, Ojeda D, Cisternas P, Ramírez M. Burnout en funcionarios de salud en tiempo de pandemia. Revista médica de Chile,149(11). 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872021001101589
29. Vigl J, Staruss H, Talamini F, Zentner M. Relationship satisfaction in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-national examination of situational, dispositional, and relationships factors. Plos One,17(3). 2022. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264511
30. Salazar T, Morales Z. Intimidad y relaciones de pareja durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Guadalajara. Espiral,27(79-79). 2021. https://doi.org/10.32870/eees.v28i78-79.7206
2. Torres V, Farias J, Reyes L, Díaz C. Riesgos y daños de la salud mental del personal sanitario por la atención a pacientes con COVID-19. Revista Mexicana de Urología 80 (3),1-9. 2020. https://revistamexicanadeurologia.org.mx/index.php/rmu/article/view/653
3. Maldonato N, Bottone M, Chiodi A, Continisio G, De Falco R, Duval M, Muzii B, Siani G, Valerio P, Vitelli R, Scandurra C. A Mental Health First Aid Service in an Italian University Public Hospital during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak. Sustainability,12(10),112. 2020. https://www.iris.unina.it/retrieve/handle/11588/807367/338365/Maldonato%20et%20%20al.%20%282020%29%20Ment
4. Wu K, Wei X. Analysis of Psychological and Sleep Status and Exercise Rehabilitation of Front-Line Clinical Staff in the Fight Against COVID-19 in China. Medical Science Monitor Basic-Research,26,1-7. 2020. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.924085
5. Blanco-Daza M, de la Vieja-Soriano M, Macip-Belmonte S, Tercero-Cano M. Trastorno de estrés postraumático en enfermeras durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Enfermería Clínica,32(2),92-102. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.10.015
6. Giusti E, Pedroli E, D´Aniello G, Stramba C, Pietrabrissa G, Manna C, Riva G, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. The psychological impact of the COVID19 outbreaks on health professionals: Across-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684
7. Cai Q, Hongliang F, Huang J, Wang M, Wang Q, Lu X, Xie Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Hou B, Ouyang K, Pan J, Li Q, Fu B, Deng Y, Liu Y. (2020). The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. A case-control study. Journal of affective disorders, 275,210-215. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031
8. Vázquez-Garay F, Alfonseca-Miranda I, Zamora-Boudet G, Gola-Rodríguez D. Alteraciones psicológicas de trabajadores en un centro de aislamiento para casos sospechosos de COVID-19. Revista Información Científica 100(5). 2021. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1028-99332021000500009
9. Espinoza Y, Mesa D, Diaz Y, Caraballo L, Landín M. Estudio del impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas, Los Palacios. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública,46. 2020. http://www.revsaludpublica.sld.cu/index.php/spu/article/view/2659
10. Echeburúa E, Amor PJ, Sarasua B, Zubizarreta I, Holgado-Tello FP, Muñoz JM. Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas Revisada(EGS-R) del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático según el DSM-5: propiedades psicométricas. Revista Terapia Psicológica, 34(2). 2016 https://teps.cl/index.php/teps/article/view/100/115
11. Song X, Fu W, Liu X, Luo Z, Wang R, Zhou N, Yan S, Lv C. Mental health status of medical staff emergency departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 88,60-65. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.002
12. Briceño C. Estrés postraumático en personal de salud sobreviviente de covid-19 adscrito al Hospital General de Zona # 1 IMSS Aguascalientes. [Tesis de Especialización, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes]. Repositorio bibliográfico de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/11317/2071
13. Apostolos B, Voitsidis P, Athanasiadou M, Parlapani E, Chatzigeorgiou AF, Skoupra M, Syngelakis M, Holeva V, Diakogiannis I. (2020). COVID-19: PTSD Symptoms in Greek Health Care Professionals. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,12(7),812-819. 2020. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2020-63773-001.pdf
14. Dosil M, Ozamiz N, Redondo I, Alboniga J, Picaza M. Impacto Psicológico de la COVID-19 en una muestra de profesionales sanitarios españoles. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental,14(2),106-112. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.004
15. Huang J, Han M, Luo T, Ren A, Zhou X. Mental health survery of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhongua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi,38(3):192-195. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063
16. Wang Y, Ma S, Yang C, Cai Z, Hu S, Zhang B, et al. Acute psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak among healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study. Translational Psychiatry,10(348). 2020. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01031-w
17. Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinical medicine, 24. 2020. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30187-5/fulltext
18. Alfonso-Rodríguez S, Barragán-Lara D, Moreno-Hernández M, Villegas-Almendra E, Harrison-Urcid L, Cabrera-Martínez M, et al. Nivel de estrés postraumático en el personal de enfermería que rotó por el servicio COVID-19. Científica Multidisciplinar,6(3),878-896. 2020. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v6i3.2264
19. Becerra-Canales B, Calle-Quispe M, Condori-Becerra A. Estados de ánimo y salud mental de estomatólogos peruanos durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Estomatología,58(4). 2021. https://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75072021000400003
20. Pietrzak R, Goldstein R, Southwick S, Grant B. Prevalence and Axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: result from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(3),456-465. 2011. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.010
21. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. The COVID-19 Health Care Workers Study(HEROES): Informe regional de las Américas. 2021. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/55563
22. Echeburúa E, Salaberría K, Cruz-Sáez M. Aportaciones y Limitaciones del DSM-5 desde la psicología clínica. Terapia Psicológica,32(1),65-74. 2014. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082014000100007
23. Foa EB, McLean CP, Zang Y, Zhong J, Rauch S, Porter K, Kauffman BY. Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale Interview for DSM-5(PSSI-5). Psychological Assessment. 28(10),11591165. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000259
24. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated Whit Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open,3(3). 2020. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2763229/lai_2020_oi _200192.pdf
25. Bannwart I, Viera M, Trindade M, Teodoro G, Viera F. Saúde Mental Dos Proffisionais De Enfermagem No Contexto Da Pandemia Do Novo Coronavirus: Uma Revisão Sistemática. Revista Científica Cognitions, 73(2),1-9. 2020. https://doi.org/10.38087/2595.8801.51
26. Tsai J, Armour C, Southwick S, Pietrzak R. Dissociative subtype of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder in U.S. veterans. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 66-67,67-74. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.017
27. Castro H, Prieto M, Muñoz A. Prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout en personal de salud durante la Pandemia de COVID-19 y factores asociados. Estudio de corte transversal. Medicina,82,479-486
.
2022.https://www.medicinabuenosaires.com/revistas/vol82-22/n4/479.pdf
28. Cabezón M, Agurto M, Estefó M, Oliveros X, Ojeda D, Cisternas P, Ramírez M. Burnout en funcionarios de salud en tiempo de pandemia. Revista médica de Chile,149(11). 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872021001101589
29. Vigl J, Staruss H, Talamini F, Zentner M. Relationship satisfaction in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-national examination of situational, dispositional, and relationships factors. Plos One,17(3). 2022. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264511
30. Salazar T, Morales Z. Intimidad y relaciones de pareja durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Guadalajara. Espiral,27(79-79). 2021. https://doi.org/10.32870/eees.v28i78-79.7206
Published
2024-04-25
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Hernández Salazar H, García Batchaieva I, Romani Camps M, Fabelo Roche JR, Iglesias Moré S. Posttraumatic Stress in the Health Staff at the National Medical Emergency Base who faced COVID-19. Rev. Hosp. Psiq. Hab. [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 25 [cited 2025 Dec. 8];21(1). Available from: https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/478
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Copyright (c) 2024 Himia Hernández Salazar, Ingrid García Batchaieva, Mariano Romani Camps, Justo Reinaldo Fabelo Roche, Serguei Iglesias Moré
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