Microbiota intestinal y trastorno depresivo mayor: potencial terapéutico de los probióticos

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a public health concern and a therapeutic challenge due to incomplete treatment response in some patients. Recent evidence has linked the gut microbiota–gut–brain axis to the pathophysiology of depression, suggesting gut microbiota modulation through probiotics as a potential complementary approach. Clinical trials and systematic reviews have reported possible benefits of probiotics on depressive symptoms, particularly when used alongside antidepressants. However, heterogeneity in bacterial strains, dosages, treatment duration, and patient characteristics limits the comparability of findings and the identification of an optimal intervention. In the Peruvian context, national evidence regarding these strategies remains limited, and their incorporation into treatment guidelines requires further research. Clinical studies with larger samples, standardized assessment scales, and control of factors influencing the gut microbiota are needed. Probiotics may represent a potential complementary strategy, without replacing conventional treatment for MDD.