Autoestima y el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
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Autoestima, estudiantes, trastornos de la conducta alimentariaResumen
Introducción: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) representan una problemática de salud mental de creciente relevancia en la población universitaria, especialmente cuando se consideran factores psicológicos predisponentes como la autoestima. La autoestima, entendida como la percepción y valoración que una persona tiene de sí misma, influye directamente en el bienestar emocional por lo que podría estar relacionada con la aparición de conductas alimentarias de riesgo.
Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre los niveles de autoestima y el riesgo de presentar TCA en estudiantes universitarios.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico en una muestra de 225 estudiantes universitarios de Hidalgo, México. Para medir el nivel de autoestima se aplicó la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, y el riesgo de TCA se evaluó mediante la escala de actitudes alimentarias. La asociación de interés se evalúo mediante modelos de regresión logística ajustados por confusores
Resultados: el 13 y el 44 % de los participantes presentaron riesgo de desarrollar TCA y niveles bajos de autoestima, respectivamente. Tras el ajuste por confusores se encontró que los niveles medios y bajos de autoestima se asociaron significativamente con el riesgo TCA. Además, se observó una relación de dosis-respuesta significativa ente ambas variables.
Conclusiones: los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que la autoestima desempeña un papel relevante en la aparición de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en el ámbito universitario. Se recomienda implementar programas de promoción de la salud mental y fortalecimiento de la autoestima como estrategia preventiva frente a los TCA en contextos educativos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 María Felicitas Pérez Ibarra, Edith Araceli Cano-Estrada, Merari Jiménez Miguel, José Antonio Guerrero-Solano, José Ángel Hernández-Mariano
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
