Factores de riesgo de trastornos mentales en personal de salud en formación durante el COVID-19

Olga María Curro-Urbano, Margarita Córdova-Delgado, Gladys Marcelina Puza-Mendoza, Mónica Ayne Guevara-Saravia, Norma Pastor-Ramírez, Alfredo Enrique Oyola García

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Introducción: La estimación de la población estudiantil universitaria que necesita servicios de salud mental es importante para los responsables de generar políticas para su bienestar físico, mental y emocional.

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la presencia de trastornos mentales en el equipo básico de salud en formación durante la pandemia por COVID-19.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional de corte transversal, en una muestra de 214 estudiantes universitarios de Enfermería, Medicina Humana y Obstetricia, de 18 a 29 años. La variable dependiente fue el trastorno mental, medida a través del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg y Hillier. Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi cuadrado, test exacto de Fisher y regresión logística.

Resultados: Los participantes fueron estudiantes de Enfermería (80; 38,84%), Medicina humana (81; 39,32%) y Obstetricia (45; 21,85%); la mayoría de sexo femenino (75,73%) y de 20 a 29 años (83,50%). El trastorno mental fue evidenciado en 96 de ellos (46,60%). Aquellos que procedían del departamento de Ica (ORa=2,94; IC95%=1,34-6,79), los que tenían el antecedente de familiar fallecido como caso confirmado o sospechoso de COVID-19 (ORa=2,22; IC 95%=1,23-4,06) y aquellos con 22 o más puntos en la escala de miedo al coronavirus (ORa=3,10; IC95%=1,61-6,13), tuvieron mayor odds de presentar algún trastorno mental. La precisión del modelo fue 66,5%.

Conclusiones: El trastorno mental está presente en los recursos humanos de salud en formación y estaría condicionado por la procedencia, el antecedente de fallecimiento de algún familiar como caso sospechoso o confirmado de COVID-19 y el miedo al coronavirus.

Palabras clave

infecciones por coronavirus, trastornos mentales, recursos humanos, salud mental, pandemias

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