Factores de riesgo asociados a la conducta suicida en adolescentes: revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción: La conducta suicida en adolescentes constituye un importante problema de salud pública asociado a múltiples factores psicológicos, sociales, familiares y conductuales.
Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a la conducta suicida en adolescentes a partir de la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2026.
Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se efectuó en Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO, complementada con Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales en adolescentes de 10–19 años que evaluaran ideación suicida, intento suicida o autolesiones no suicidas. La calidad metodológica y el riesgo de sesgo se evaluaron mediante la escala Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Se realizó una síntesis narrativa debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios. El protocolo no fue registrado en PROSPERO.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 estudios. La depresión, la ansiedad y las autolesiones no suicidas fueron los factores psicológicos más consistentes. Asimismo, el bullying, la soledad, el bajo apoyo parental y el consumo de sustancias mostraron asociación significativa con la conducta suicida. La certeza de la evidencia debe interpretarse con cautela debido al predominio de estudios transversales.
Conclusiones: La conducta suicida en adolescentes es un fenómeno multifactorial que requiere estrategias integrales de prevención centradas en salud mental, apoyo familiar y entorno escolar.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jesus Yandir Hernandez Aparcana, Claudio Antonio Gregorio Molina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
