Salud (DeCS). Estas se combinaron con los operadores booleanos “AND” y “OR”. Los filtros, o límites
activados incluidos, fueron: cualquier tipo de artículo con texto completo disponible, en idioma inglés o
español y publicado entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2022. Estos fueron analizados y se excluyeron los
que no brindaban datos relevantes.
Resultados: predominó el grupo etario de 16 a 19 años de edad, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado,
los adolescentes reconocían que el consumo del alcohol es un hábito tóxico, algunos padres y otros
familiares ingieren bebidas alcohólicas.
Conclusiones: el riesgo de alcoholismo está presente en los adolescentes. El abordaje integral por el
médico de la familia y su equipo básico de salud, unido al trabajo intersectorial pudiera ser una herramienta
poderosa en su enfrentamiento y control. El trabajo con los adolescentes requiere de profesionales más
preparados y capases de comprender los retos y realidades de los tiempos actuales.
Palabras clave: consumo de alcohol, adolescentes, prevención
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is considered the stage of transition from childhood to adulthood of the human
being, and constitutes a transitional period where they are vulnerable to the adoption of risk behaviors,
such as alcoholism.
Objective: To describe the harmful effects of alcohol consumption in adolescents, and how its
consequences have a biological, psychological and social incidence, constituting the most relevant drug
addiction worldwide due to its prevalence and effects.
Methods: a documentary review type investigation was carried out, of the qualitative paradigm, and
exploratory investigative level. To identify the bibliography, the PubMed/Medline online database was
consulted applying a filter search strategy. The search strategy was fundamentally based on the use of
keywords listed in the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), included in its Spanish version in the
Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS). These were combined with the Boolean operators “AND” and
“OR”. The filters, or activated limits included, were any type of article with full text available, in English
or Spanish and published between January 2019 and December 2022. These were analyzed and those that
did not provide relevant data were excluded.
Results: The age group from 16 to 19 years predominated; the male sex was the most affected; adolescents
recognized that alcohol consumption is a toxic habit, and some parents and other relatives consume
alcoholic beverages.
Conclusions: The risk of alcoholism is present in adolescents. The comprehensive approach by the Family
Doctors and their basic health teams, together with intersectoral work, could be a powerful tool in its
confrontation and control. Working with adolescents requires well- prepared professionals capable of
understanding the challenges and realities of current times.
Keywords: alcohol consumption, adolescents, prevention